Uneven Recovery and Sustained Inequality after the COVID-19 Recession


Executive Summary:


In an April 2023 report from the Great Cities Institute (GCI) on youth employment after the COVID-19 recession of 2020, we found that:

    • Recovery in employment levels were uneven amongst youth and young adults in Chicago,
    • Recovery in Chicago was lagging behind Illinois and the U.S., and
    • Black and Latino youth and young adults experienced uneven and in some cases no recovery towards pre-pandemic employment levels of joblessness and out-of-school and jobless rates (Wilson and Patterson 2023).

Knowing that recovery was uneven amongst racial/ethnic groups, slower in Chicago, and with an additional year of data available, we seek to answer what inequalities persist in joblessness and out-of-school and jobless rates, and if new disparities have emerged.

This data brief examines jobless rates (the percent of individuals that were unemployed and individuals not in the labor force), and out-of-school-and-jobless rates for 16- to 19- and 20- to 24 year-olds in Chicago, Illinois, and the U.S. by race/ethnicity and sex. Additionally, we examine sub-sections of Cook County with 2022 data to examine the extent to which spatial concentrations exist.

 


Media Coverage:


 


Authors:


Matthew D. Wilson, Ph.D.
Associate Director of Economic & Workforce Development, UIC Great Cities Institute.

Samantha Sepulveda
Research Assistant, UIC Great Cities Institute.

 


 

Read and Download the Full Report Here.

 


The Ben Joravsky Show: Graciela Guzman – Try Some Compassion

On the Ben Joravsky Show, Graciela Guzman speaking on the health benefits for immigrants, based on the report conducted by the UIC’s Great Cities Institute and commissioned by the Healthy Illinois Campaign.

 


From The Ben Joravsky Show (To go to the actual article, please click on this link.)


 

Report recommends investment in youth employment.

report by the University of Illinois-Chicago Great Cities Institute says that Black teens in Chicago are experiencing much higher jobless rates than other young people in Illinois.

Lead researcher Matt Wilson said Black teens in Chicago have been disconnected from work and school at twice the rate they were in 2021.

“So we have this huge jump where there’s an additional over 16,000 Black 16-to-19-year-olds that are not working and not in school,” Wilson said.

The report indicated that not all communities have recovered from pandemic-related shutdowns at the same rate. The Chicago Public Schools system returned to in-person learning much later than other schools in the area.

“Those individuals … the probability of them seeping through the cracks is going to be very high,” Wilson said.

 


From The Center Square (To go to the actual article, please click on this link.)


 

Chicago youth joblessness rates outpacing national average.

Black Chicago teenagers are experiencing higher jobless rates and slower recovery from the pandemic, a new study reports.

Why it matters: The youth employment study paints a bleak picture of Chicago’s inequalities.

    • Not having jobs can turn kids to other pursuits, including gang activities and street violence.

By the numbers: The report, written by University of Illinois Chicago Great Cities Institute and commissioned by the Alternative Schools Network, shows that the city’s jobless rate for Black teens is worse than the national average.

    • In 2022, the jobless rate for Black 16- to 19-year-olds living in Chicago was 86% — more than 16% higher than the national average for that same demographic.
    • To compare, white Chicago teens had a jobless rate of 76%, which is 16% higher than the national average for white teens.
    • The rate in some Black neighborhoods was as high as 92%.

Stunning stat: The jobless rate gap between teens on the city’s South and West sides, which are predominantly Black neighborhoods, and teens in suburbs like Schaumburg was stark, up to a 40% difference.

 


From AXIOS Chicago (To go to the actual article, please click on this link.)


 

In some Chicago neighborhoods, nearly half of the youths aren’t in school or work.

The portion of young Chicagoans neither going to school nor working is returning to pre-COVID levels — but it’s an uneven recovery that has left behind Black teens as well as adolescents in the city’s most disadvantaged neighborhoods.

Overall, about 45,000 16- to 24-year-olds in the city are disconnected from both school and work, accounting for roughly 12% of the city’s residents in that age group — a rate just slightly higher than pre-COVID.

“In the aftermath of the pandemic when things looked really shaky, these overall numbers are very encouraging,” said Matthew Wilson, associate director at the University of Illinois Chicago’s Great Cities Institute and one of the authors of a new study on youth disconnection. That was until researchers zeroed in on Black teens, he added: “When I saw these numbers, I thought, ‘Wait a minute.’”

 


From Chalkbeat Chicago (To go to the actual article, please click on this link.)


 

Chicago’s Youth Joblessness Rates Outpace Illinois and US.

Employment levels in Chicago and beyond have rebounded since the COVID-19 pandemic, but a new report has found teens and young adults across the city, particularly those of color, are still struggling to find consistent work.

The report, published Wednesday by the University of Illinois Chicago’s Great Cities Institute, found that communities are not all recovering from the pandemic at the same pace, as youth joblessness rates in Chicago outpace the rest of Illinois and the country as a whole.

“Black and Latino youth and young adults in Chicago continue to have higher jobless and out-of-school-and-jobless rates compared to White Chicagoans,” the report states, “highlighting the importance of implementing targeted programs to promote more equitable employment opportunities for youth and young adults.”

 


From WTTW News (To go to the actual article, please click on this link.)


 

Chicago youth struggle with higher rates of unemployment post-pandemic.

Released Wednesday, the report conducted by the Great Cities Institute is based on U.S. census data from 2022, the most recent data available from the agency, and looks both at the overall youth unemployment rate and those who are both jobless and out of school.

According to the report, young people in Chicago experienced higher rates of unemployment than those in the suburbs and nationally. The highest rates of joblessness for young people ages 16 to 24 were on the city’s South and West sides.

“Chicago has had a ‘longstanding issue with youth employment,” said Matthew Wilson, one of the report’s authors and associate director for economic and workforce development at the Great Cities Institute at the University of Illinois at Chicago, the research arm behind the report. “I think there’s a lot of connections with youth unemployment to some of the social conditions that we see across the city both spatially and racially,” he said.

 


From Chicago Tribune (To go to the actual article, please click on this link.)


 

Research Brief: The Benefits of Health Coverage for Immigrants in Illinois


Executive Summary:


The benefits of providing health coverage extend not only to the individual, but also to their family,  community, and society at large. Illinois was once a leading state in providing health coverage to low- income immigrants, notably becoming the first state to expand coverage to undocumented children in 2006. Continuing its efforts, in 2020, Illinois became the first state to provide Medicaid-like coverage to low-income seniors aged 65 and older, regardless of their immigration status, through its Health Benefits for Immigrant Seniors (HBIS) program. Building upon this pioneering program, Illinois expanded health coverage for low-income immigrant adults aged 55-64 in 2021, and subsequently extended it to those aged 42-54 in 2022, under its Health Benefits for Immigrant Adults (HBIA) program. Now, Illinois’ commitment to ensuring all of its residents have health coverage has been surpassed, most recently by California.

Moreover, HBIA and HBIS use the same federal poverty income eligibility limits as federal Medicaid, providing health coverage to Illinois residents who would otherwise qualify for Medicaid but are ineligible due to their immigration status. In that sense, HBIA and HBIS establish parity with federal Medicaid for a population that otherwise would be excluded. This research brief will provide context and highlight the value added to Illinois by extending targeted medical coverage to low-income undocumented adults through the HBIA and HBIS programs.

 


Media Coverage:


 


Authors:


Matthew D. Wilson, Ph.D.
Associate Director of Economic & Workforce Development, UIC Great Cities Institute.

Samantha Sepulveda
Research Assistant, UIC Great Cities Institute.

 


 

Read and Download the Full Report Here.